A phonological disorder is a type of Speech Sound Disorder in which children can physically produce the target sound but have difficulty using it when they speak. Children with phonological disorders often have trouble with more than just one sound and make predictable errors when they speak. For example, they may use a ‘t’ sound for a ‘k’ (e.g. ‘tow’ for ‘cow’) or a ‘y’ sound for an ‘l’ (e.g. ‘yot’ for ‘lot’).
In addition to using expected sounds, children with phonological disorders may also have trouble hearing the difference between their error and the target sound. This is not related to hearing acuity; rather, the child has difficulty tuning-in to the difference, similar to when people have difficulty distinguishing similar sounds in a foreign language.
A child’s ability to perceive speech sounds correctly is not only important to their rate of progress, but also for reading and spelling development. Children with phonological disorders may also have co-occurring articulation disorders.
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